Retinoblastoma free essay sample

Retinoblastoma is a rare form of childhood cancer that develops in the eye. It develops from the retina, the most inner part of the eye. This tumor has the potential to be fatal by getting into the brain or spreading to other organs in the body. Retinoblastoma affects infants and young children. It affects 70-80% of one eye and only 20-30% in both. Retinoblastoma usually occurs out of the blue. The childs pediatrician would normally detect it within the first year, however there are cases that the pediatrician didn’t and the child lost one eye or both. One of the ways to detect this cancer is that it will look like there is a mirror in the eye, this is called, â€Å"cat eye†. Another way is if the eye is lazy or wondering around. If this is seen in the eye then an MRI will be giving to make sure that it is Retinoblastoma. We will write a custom essay sample on Retinoblastoma or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Retinoblastoma can be inherited or formed in a child that has gene that has been genetically mutated. Once the child has been diagnosed then chemotherapy or radiation is started right away for the childs safety. There are several different forms of chemotherapy depending on the severity of the tumor or tumors. If it is only in one eye (retinoblastoma) then chances are the eye can be saved by chemo treatments. If it is both eyes (bitateral retinoblastoma) then chemo and radiation are involved, also surgery. If it happens to be both eyes and in the brain (trilateral retinoblastoma) then a lot more chemo and radiation and more surgeries. In some cases where chemo or radiation doesn’t work then the eye or eyes have to be enucleated (removed). There are risks with enucleating the eyes from infection to not being able to wear a prosthetic eye. After the childs eye or eyes have healed then they are fitted for their new prosthetic eye. The Ocular Doctor that makes the eyes will make them the same color that the infected eyes were. They also add veins to the eye to try to make it look as real as they can. But before the child can get fitted for the prosthetic eyes they have to wear a clear plastic piece until the eye has healed. After they get their new eye it will give the child better self esteem. Because will the child is wearing the clear piece people will look and stare and talk about the child and that kind of stuff can bring a child down. They just want to be like everyone else so when they get their new eye or eyes then they feel better about their selves. They will have to go see the Oncologist every six months for about four or five more years so they can get a check-up. The doctors have to give the child MRI’s to see if the cancer came back they also will do blood work and if anything is out of the ordinary they will call and let the parents know so other procedures can be done. It is a sad situation when your child has to lose their eye sight but you do want your child to be healthy and if that means for your child to be blind for the rest of their life then so be it. The child will be better off without the cancer and no parent wants their child to be blind but things happen and the child will adapt. If you as a parent ever find yourself in this situation then there are people that you can talk to your priest, a counselor, or if you have family that might be better to talk to them Trust me you can’t handle this by yourself, get someone and talk to them it’s for the best. You will get through this, I did.

Forced, Reluctant, and Voluntary Migration

Forced, Reluctant, and Voluntary Migration Human migration is the permanent or semi-permanent relocation of people from one location to another. This movement may occur domestically or internationally and can affect economic structures, population densities, culture, and politics. People either are made to move involuntarily (forced), are put in situations that encourage relocation (reluctant), or choose to migrate (voluntary). Forced Migration Forced migration is a negative form of migration, often the result of persecution, development, or exploitation. The largest and most devastating forced migration in human history was the African slave trade, which carried 12 to 30 million Africans from their homes and transported them to various parts of North America, Latin America, and the Middle East. Those Africans were taken against their will and forced to relocate. The Trail of Tears is another pernicious example of forced migration. Following the Indian Removal Act of 1830, tens of thousands of Native Americans living in the Southeast were forced to migrate to parts of contemporary Oklahoma (Land of the Red People in Choctaw). Tribes traversed up to nine states on foot, with many dying along the way. Forced migration is not always violent. One of the largest involuntary migrations in history was caused by development. The construction of Chinas Three Gorges Dam displaced nearly 1.5 million people and put 13 cities, 140 towns, and 1,350 villages underwater. Although new housing was provided for those forced to move, many people were not compensated fairly. Some of the newly designated areas were also less ideal geographically, not foundationally secure, or lacked agriculturally productive soil. Reluctant Migration Reluctant migration is a form of migration in which individuals are not forced to move, but do so because of an unfavorable situation at their current location. The large wave of Cubans who legally and illegally immigrated to the United States following the 1959 Cuban revolution is considered a form of reluctant migration. Fearing a communist government and leader Fidel Castro, many Cubans sought asylum overseas. With the exception of Castros political opponents, most of the Cuban exiles were not forced to leave but decided it was in their best interest to do so. As of the 2010 census, over 1.7 million Cubans resided in the United States, with the majority living in Florida and New Jersey. Another form of reluctant migration involved the internal relocation of many Louisiana residents following  Hurricane Katrina. After the calamity caused by the hurricane, many people decided to either move farther from the coast or out of state. With their homes destroyed, the states economy in ruin, and sea levels continuing to rise, they reluctantly left. At the local level, a change in ethnic or socioeconomic conditions usually brought on by invasion-succession or gentrification can also cause individuals to reluctantly relocate. A white neighborhood that has turned predominately black or a poor neighborhood turned gentrified can have a personal, social, and economic impact on longtime residents. Voluntary Migration Voluntary migration is migration based on ones free will and initiative. People move for a variety of reasons, and it involves weighing options and choices. Individuals who are interested in moving often analyze the push and pull factors of two locations before making their decision. The strongest factors influencing people to voluntarily move are the desire to live in a better home and employment opportunities. Other factors contributing to voluntary migration include: Change in lifes course (getting married, empty-nest, retirement)Politics (from a conservative state to one that recognizes gay marriage, for example)Individual personality (suburban life to city life) Americans on the Move With their intricate transportation infrastructure and high per-capita income, Americans have become some of the most mobile people on earth. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2010 37.5 million people (or 12.5 percent of the population) changed residences. Of those, 69.3 percent stayed within the same county, 16.7 percent moved to a different county in the same state, and 11.5 percent moved to a different state. Unlike many underdeveloped countries where a family might live in the same home their entire lives, it is not uncommon for Americans to move multiple times within their life. Parents might choose to relocate to a better school district or neighborhood following the birth of a child. Many teenagers choose to leave for college in another area. Recent graduates go where their career is. Marriage might lead to the purchase of a new home, and retirement may take the couple elsewhere, yet again. When it comes to mobility by region, people in the Northeast were the least likely to move, with a move rate of just 8.3 percent in 2010. The Midwest had a move rate of 11.8 percent, the South- 13.6 percent, and the West - 14.7 percent. Principal cities within metropolitan areas experienced a population drop of 2.3 million people, while the suburbs experienced a net increase of 2.5 million. Young adults in their 20s are the most likely age group to move, while African Americans are the most likely race to move in America.